Baby Boomer Ranger

January 12, 2009

I’m a Roaming iRanger

Filed under: Public Service — Cynthia Ann Whelan @ 11:49 pm

In the memoirs of Forest Service lore, there are tales of Rangers jumping on their horse and riding for days, fixing trails, looking for forest fires and literally spitting and whittling with ranchers and loggers. We are told romantic tales of leaving their wife behind in the little cabin in the forest for long days of campfires, cans of beans, cowboy poetry and sleeping on the ground under the stars. An early Forest Service forester’s duty was riding the trail alone with his horse and a shovel to stop the flames of an occasional lightening fire. “Home, home on the range!”

But, where does Baby Boomer Ranger roam?

I very much wanted to attend the MacWorld Expo in San Francisco to see the latest in Apple computers, software and accessories. But, I also had commitments to two of my projects. Every Tuesday, I have a project status update conference call with the Shasta- Trinity National Forest, and every Wednesday, I have a conference call with the Bureau of Land Management, the City of Los Angels Department of Water and Power, and their project contractor.

What’s a Baby Boomer Ranger to do?
Answer: Do it all!

In the middle of computer software vendors and demonstrations of iLife, iPhones, and iMacs, I stepped aside and did my Baby Boomer Ranger work. I made my conference calls. I do not think that the others on the calls knew where I was, and it really didn’t matter. I was there with them, doing my job “Caring for the Land and Serving People.” My office was temporarily situated in Moscone Center. After doing my public servant duty, I was alone with no horse, but I did have my cell phone, my digital camera and my iTouch.


My temporary office at MacWorld

From the convention, I should mention one amazing item I learned about at MacWorld. There are now digital cameras that automatically ‘geotag’ photos. The camera has a GPS unit build-in, and when you take a photo, it adds the location to the photo’s metadata. After you download your photo, you can call up a Google map that displays digital pins at the locations where you took your photos. I thought, “Now that is what a Baby Boomer Ranger needs, photos that remember the locations of where you were!”


Me and my iTouch at MacWorld

This week, I grabbed my Google map and my cell phone, threw my dress clothes in my overnight bag, and put my laptop computer in its Samsonite wheelie briefcase. I’m in downtown Los Angeles for a face-to-face meeting on the Barren Ridge Transmission Line Project. Surrounded by high-rise office buildings, I’ll figuratively ’spit and whittle’ on how to protect the natural resources on the Angeles National Forest and provide renewable energy to the City of Los Angeles. Again, no horse, no shovel, and if I see any flames, I’ll be running in the opposite direction!


Sunrise in the City of Los Angeles, Central Library and the Bonaventure Hotel

When traveling for work, I like to drive the Forest Service hybrid (if it is available) and I enjoy Subway sandwiches and an occasional In-and-Out burger. Sometimes, I’ll partake in a glass of merlot and dinner at a restaurant draped in white linen tablecloths. If can stay awake in the evening, I’ll spend a few minutes blogging or surfing the World Wide Web. My computer, my digital camera and my cell phone are always with me and I call my husband every day I am away.

Last week, I was in the Moscone Center in the heart of San Francisco, and this week I am in downtown Los Angeles next to the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion and the Disney Concert Hall. When I get back to my office in Clovis, I’ll plug in my cell phone, and set up my computer. I need to call the Shasta-T again, as well as the Lassen, the Tahoe, the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest in Arizona, and the Umpqua National Forest in Oregon.

Where is a Baby Boomer Ranger’s duty?
Anywhere she can get cell phone coverage.


Disney Concert Hall, Los Angeles, California

January 3, 2009

Best and Worst of 2008

Filed under: Public Service — Cynthia Ann Whelan @ 6:33 pm

Last week in the Sunday Chronicle, Parade Magazine had their annual reminiscing over last year’s best and worst of 2008. The headline was “2008 A World of Change,” and I couldn’t agree more.

Now, in the tradition of Cindy Blogs the Sierra, here is my Baby Boomer Ranger Best and Worst of 2008.

Best: This year I had what is likely the best job change of my career. Even though it was only a lateral, it has allowed this Baby Boomer Ranger to work from the Cleveland National Forest to the Umpqua on projects that are challenging, interesting, and they will finish, and I will be able to move on to new projects. I can do this for the five or ten years and still move forward!


My Leaving the Sierra party.

Best: I have some of the best projects of my career. I am a Forester, a Special Uses Specialist, a Natural Resource Planner, an Editor, a Volunteer Coordinator, a Lands Specialist, and an independent contractor. I can go and find my own projects, I can delegate parts of my current projects, and I can be the judge of my workload. The only drawback is that I need to keep up my billable hours, which is not going to be problem. If anything, the drawback is that I need to be sure not to overcommit myself.


Reviewing the maps for the Trabuco Community project on the Cleveland National Forest

Best: I think I have a great supervisor. I have never met him face to face, but I think I talk with him as much, if not more than some of my previous supervisors.

Worst: This has been the worst year for burecratic changes. New credit cards, new computer, new travel cards, new programs and more and more mandatory training. “Fill in this”, “must do that”, “finish or we won’t pay you,” get a ticket to get something done, fax it in or forget it! ASC still sucks and each week we face a new “mandatory training.” Last week I had an email with instructions on how to access the 15 pages of instructions on how to do a network training for using a travel credit card. We need to be trained on how to take our training!

Best: I had a great time meeting people from other agencies and graduating from the USDA Graduate School. We had a great project and I learned how to develop a podcast. I met all the requirements, and most of them were interesting and challenging. Even though I’m not quite ready for the Senior Executative Service, I’m glad I had the opportunity to attend that training.

Worst: I had the worst assignment of my career to NOAA as a training detail for USDA Grad School. I already had a raving blog about this one and I don’t want to go backwards.

Best: I love our wellness program and attending George Brown’s Fitness. I didn’t make it to the gym every week, but there were some days that it felt so good to take a break, leave the office and let my mind take a break while I got my body moving. I have a great work out partner and I want to shout out “Thank you, Barbra!” Let’s go to the gym.

Worst: Leaving the Sierra means I left behind the opportunity to mentor and represent the High Sierra Volunteer Trail Crew. I like their mission and their philosophy. I still think that the success of the National Forests will be highly depenent upon the ability of Forest Service staff to work with and use volunteers. I will add them to my personal goal list and hope that I can continue to help.

Worst: I haven’t had the heart to look at my Thrift Savings Plan. I know I lost money, but I’ll look when I think things are better.

Best: With all the talk about the economic downturn, I have no risk of losing my job, or having my husband lose his job. I am frequently teased about working for the government, but I’ll take the lower wages and the stability over a boom or bust job any day. There are several reasons why I work for the government.

Best or Worst? I have never seen so many retirements in one year. People are leaving the Forest Servcie in droves, but retiring is a good thing for the individuals. I’m sure they are all very happy.
I’m sure there is a lot of work that isn’t getting done because there is no one filling in behind them.

Best and Worst at the same time: The office was due for new carpet and painting. It was the best for me because it corresponded to my starting a new job and I got the best roommate in the world! I love my new office and I was able to de-clutter and clean up, focus and organize for my new job. I have a place where I can concentrate and focus on getting work done. The office move was also the worst of 2008 because there is no sign that I ever worked on the Sierra National Forest and there is no way to tell if they ever had a Lands Officer and it appears that there is nothing remaining. My old office is occupied by piles of papers and crap and the new Lands Officer Office is occupied by piles of papers and crap. My previous existence on the Sierra was wiped off the face of the earth. All that work and it is buried under junk and there is no sign of a lands program on the Sierra National Forest.

Best: Looking forward to 2009. I have some great goals and I don’t think I’ll be able to meet all of them, but that’s OK. I’m going to keep blogging and it should be great, after all I blog for good not evil!
Here’s hoping the there will be many “best of 2009″ and very few “worst.”

December 31, 2008

Looking Forward to 2009

Filed under: Public Service — Cynthia Ann Whelan @ 2:24 pm

I’m big on Management by Objectives and I just set my goals for 2009. I’m looking forward to next year and one of my first goals is very ambitious – two blogs a month for 2009. I hope you will join me next year and think about what you want to get done, where do you want to go, and how will you get there? I still take my Franklin Planner with me everywhere, and I plan to take the time to make the time to plan my day, plan my week, and get something done!

I have so many great projects and plans I would like to share with you. Here is Cindy’s Professional Goals for CY 2009.

Maintain current contacts, relationships and friendships at work, in addtion to my personal relationships. Networking Goal

Keep contracts and projects on time and moving forward.

Have one non-drive day per week (home work, bicycle, rideshare or walk).

Have 75% billable hours for FY2009.

Help the High Sierra Volunteer Trail Crew stay on track (Personal Volunteer Goal).

Get-it-done Goals:
* Finish the Shasta-T Westside Plantation Project EA.
* Finish the Trabuco Community Project EA.
* Start new project(s) on the CNF.
* Be on time for LADWP meetings, calls, projects, and reviews.
* Find, develop and start one new contract this year.

Apply for Earthwatch Fellowship – Personal/Professional World Citizen Goal
Get an assignment in Peru – Personal/Professional World Citizen Goal

Apply for GS-13 Enterprise Team Leader

Attend GB3 at least 1 day/week – Fitness Goal

So this blog gives you an idea of what does a Baby Boomer Ranger do?
I hope you will ask the same, what will you do?

December 29, 2008

Caring for a Twenty-Something Forest

Filed under: General — Cynthia Ann Whelan @ 12:24 am

Thrashing through wall of brush and planted Ponderosa pine plantations, I found myself deep in a blast from the past. After twenty-five years, I returned to my former life as a Forest Service Timber Stand Improvement (TSI) Forester. My Forest Service past has caught up to my Forest Service present.

Early in my career on the Klamath National Forest, I would dawn my rubber rain pants in the drizzling rain and slip across logging slash attempting to count the trees per acre of fir and pine. I estimated the percent cover ceanthous and madrone, and guessed the extent of tan oak and poison oak. It was starting to come back to me… “Thin the conifers to 250 trees per acre; cut the brush,” and hope for the best.


Plantation in the Westside Plantation Project, Shasta-Trinity National Forest

As the Timber Stand Improvement (TSI) Forester in the 1980’s, I oversaw all aspects of pre-commercial thinning, aerial application of herbicides, backpack application of herbicides, and the chainsaw release of planted plantations. After an area was logged and cleared and planted with baby trees, I was responsible for examining plantations for treatment needs, evaluating treatment effectiveness, writing prescriptions, coordinating Forest Service and public input, writing the vegetation management environmental assessment, preparing and writing contracts, setting treatment priorities, selecting projects, supervising workers, inspecting contracts, and recommending future targets and budget.

I was the Contracting Officers Representative (COR) for service contracts to get the work done, and I supervised inspectors, negotiated with contractors, and I directed work for two Forest Service brush disposal crews. Using my new fresh-out-of-college scientific forestry skills, I organized, supervised and completed the inventory of 2,500 acres of plantations and I updated prescriptions and scheduled inventories for over 1,500 acres of plantations. I was very proud of my work developing the district’s first plan to inventory all TSI units on a regular scheduled basis. I was growing the forest of the future.

Now, twenty -five year later, I was returning so some of the plantations that filled my early career. I wasn’t on the Klamath, but just up the Trinity River to the neighboring Shasta- Trinity National Forest. These babies were the same age as the little tikes I was stuffing in the ground – brown down and green up at the early years of my forestry career. The offspring have grown, and they were now tall and healthy and ready to burn to the ground if something isn’t done soon to help them weather the firestorms that burned through many of their neighbors earlier this year.

The summer of 2008 was not pretty for the Shasta-T. Fires tore through forest investments, and threatened local communities. Bit by bit, the forest was thinning its plantations, but they wanted to package up one big project so that they could get priority when funding was made available to do the needed silvicultural treatments.

In June 2008, I was contracted by the Shasta-Trinity National Forest to lead the interdisciplinary analysis of the Westside Plantation Project, a proposal designed to reduce fuels and improve forest health and resiliency on 33,000 acres of National Forest system land. The project proposes thinning and fuels reduction in plantations, or managed stands, within the Trinity River Basin. Specific vegetation treatments proposed include both hand and mechanical thinning, and the project will be completed over a ten year period. The goal is to reduce the risk of stand-replacing wildfire, provide for community protection, and promote the development of habitat for Threatened, Endangered, and Forest Service Sensitive species. Plantations proposed for treatment range in age from 21 to 55 years, most originated after harvesting and regeneration (planting) within the last 40 years. These plantations are currently over-dense (300-1500 or more trees per acre) and considered to be at risk to various forest pathogens and stand-replacing wildfire.

During my first five years of my forestry career, I took care of freshly planted trees, and now, I am developing plans to protect and enhance California’s future forests. My career has come full circle.


“Sid Vicious” ID Team Fuels Specialist with the Shasta-T’s
Silviculturist and the AMSET Wildlife Biologist in the background.

In October, from across the state, five interdisciplinary team members for this project gathered in beautiful Hayfork, California, to see that we had viewed in GIS layers and maps, and tables of the forest’s plantations. Passing the closed lumber mill, and empty business we piled into a monster of a green Forest Service six-pack truck, Under cloudy, drizzly skies we drove on the the logging roads of yore. We were on a mission to see the character and form of these young trees and look toward their future. Amid the brush and logging debris, the trees of my past were still growing and still needed help.

In addition to having TSI flashbacks, we found another relic of the northern California national forests – the abandoned pot plantation. There in a little depression next to a small meadow, surrounded by planted pines, were the remains of someone’s marijuana garden. Chicken wire hastily strapped to snow poles in a 20′x30′ rectangle in the middle of nearly no-where, someone had their pot plants watered and cultivated and harvested among the ponderosa pines of our future forests.


Bob Hawkins inspecting someone’s abandoned marijuana garden.

Things change, and they stay the same. It is a comfort and a disappointment. As my career moved along, and my life developed, so did the trees. They got bigger and denser and will continue to grow and mature long after my career with the Forest Service has finished. I would like to think that I have been a part of their development, yet, something tells me that all our scientific forestry doesn’t really mean much without the test of time. In forestry, and in life, hope and time are a big part of the Big Picture.

September 24, 2008

Power to the People

Filed under: Public Service — Cynthia Ann Whelan @ 9:30 am

There is a new gold rush in the west. Up one side, (or down the other) energy corridors are crossing National Forest lands in support of the new found demand for renewable energy. Wind and water electric capacity is being developed on private and public land in California. Each new megawatt created needs to get to a distribution line that connects the Grid with us, the power users.

Energy development is a National Forest priority. Short timelines developed by municipal utilities, corporations and other governmental agencies are pushing Forest Service staff to scramble to have public land issues considered and resolved.

Visual, cultural, recreation, vegetation, soil, watershed and riparian impacts from miles of project development must be analyzed on someone else’s schedule – not the Forest Service’s schedule. Show up and comment, or they will move on without you and your public land issues. “Caring for the Land and Serving People” is not on everyone’s agenda.

The Angeles National Forest contracted with my Forest Service Enterprise Team, Adaptive Management Services Enterprise Team (AMSET) for an ID Team Leader for the Barren Ridge Renewable Transmission Project. It is one of my first enterprise team contracts and one of five projects that are stretching me from the Cleveland to the Umpqua National Forest. Virtual work means crossing as much land as a western utility corridor.

The City of Los Angeles, Department of Water and Power (LADWP) submitted a Special Use Application to the Angeles National Forest to construct, upgrade, and add facilities to a new and existing 230-kV electric transmission system which would be part of the Barren Ridge Renewable Transmission Project. LADWP also submitted an application to the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) because a portion of the project would also cross public lands managed by BLM. The Forest, BLM and LADWP are entered into a Memorandum of Understanding to complete a joint Environmental Impact Statement and Environmental Impact Report (EIS and EIR) to comply with both the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).

Barren Ridge Renewable Transmission Project includes: Constructing approximately 60 miles of a new 230-kV double circuit structure system (13 miles on National Forest System lands); installing approximately 12 miles of a 230-kV circuit onto existing double circuit transmission line structure; reconductoring the existing 230-kV transmission system; and constructing a new Haskell Switching Station on LADWP-owned lands.

The proposed project would facilitate LADWP’s need to meet Renewable Portfolio Standard goals to provide renewable energy; interconnect LADWP to renewable energy in the Tehachapi Mountains and Mojave Desert areas; maximize the capacity of existing LADWP transmission corridors; and, increase the efficient utilization of the Castaic Power Plant, an existing hydroelectric pumping-storage facility.

The Forest Service, LADWP, and BLM are in the process of developing the Environmental Impact Statement/Environmental Impact Report. Several alternative routes are being considered.

While on a field review of the route options being conceidered in the the EIS, I photographed the towers that stretched across the Mojave desert and into the Angeles National Forest.

I took digital photos with my Nikon D70s, and a Nikor 18- 200mm zoom lens. Post processing was done on my iMac using iPhoto and commercially printed.

August 14, 2008

My 50/50 @ 50 Project

Filed under: General — Cynthia Ann Whelan @ 10:41 am

100 Photos About Turning 50

I’m turning 50 years old on October 1, 2008, and well, I’m not taking it well.

Since I’ve had a change in photo opportunities, since I’ve had a change in jobs, I need to be more creative in my photographic project development. So, I’ve decided to do a photography project in response to my becoming an artifact (a historic artifact, like described in the National Historic Preservation Act.)
I’ve looked on the web at photo-a-day projects, and many are not very satisfying (read: boring.) So, the big challenge is to make it interesting, different, personal, and something that makes sense. But since I often I find it hard to remember what I did just yesterday or even last night, let alone around one of my birthdays, it at least should be a nice remembrance; to have a collection of 50 photographs of my life before turning 50, and 50 photographs of my life after turning 50. I will start on Tuesday, August 12, 2008 and end on Wednesday, November 19, 2008.

You can read more on my Photography webpage and see my daily photo on my Photographer’s Blog.
Link Below.

wwww.cynthiawhelan.com

July 22, 2008

Moving On in a Virtual Forest Service

Filed under: Public Service — Cynthia Ann Whelan @ 12:00 am

Ok, I AM moving on. For Cindy Blog’s the Sierra I’ve seen the future, and it is virtual. It’s on the web. It’s no where, and everywhere.
I think I’m going to keep blogging, and I’m going to go back to go forward.

I have resurrected an old project of mine – my Forest Service Memoir.

In 2005, when I started this project, three things inspired me to give it a try and see what I could do; the Forest Service Centennial, the book “The Free Life of a Ranger, a Forest Service Memoir” by Archie Munchie and the hit movie: “The Notebook”. Simple people can have interesting stories. I’ve been blogging for the last three years to practice my writing skills, to inspire my friends and coworkers to take action, and to entertain. I’m going to take my blogs to my past and into my virtual Forest Service world of today.

It starts something like this:

I’m not the folksy Ranger of “Green Underpants.” Jack Ward Thomas in his book “Journals of a Forest Service Chief” didn’t write a chapter on “Drugs Sex and Rock and Roll.” When Archie Munchie wrote his “Free Life of a Ranger: a Forest Service Memoir” there was no such thing as telecommuting, virtual positions, Wikipedia or blogs. I’m not your grandparent’s ‘Forestry Ranger.’ My family didn’t grow up in a little house on the prairie, or in a log cabin in the woods. My parents weren’t raised on a farm or in the country or even in rural America, and neither was I. I was born to military parents at a time that would become known as “The Baby Boom.” I am a Baby Boomer Ranger and there has never been a more dynamic generation of land stewards working in a such a dramatically changing environment; “Caring for the Land and Serving People.”

Starting on October 1, 2008, on my 50th birthday, I will revise “Cindy Blogs the Sierra” and I will start my new blog:

    Baby Boomer Ranger – Life, Love, and Natural Resource Management in a Virtual Forest Service.

I will be posting some things to try them out. I have an outline for my Memoir and a few items include:

THE CALIFORNIA OUTBACK

LESSONS LEARNED THE HARD WAY

TALKING CARE OF THE BABY TREES

AMONG THE GIANTS

THE BIG FIRES: YELLOWSTONE

PLANNER FOR A SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREA

INHERITING THE WILDERNESS FROM A GOOD OL’ BOY

DEATH BY DOWNSIZING

THE BIG CREEK FIRE

THE SPECIAL TEAM

THE POWER OF HYDROELCTRIC PROJECTS

AN ENTERPRISING IDEA

THE CENTENNIAL ESSAYS

THE COMPUTERS THAT LEVELED THE FOREST

THE LINE OFFICERS – DRAWING THE LINE – OR KNOT

THE GUARD STATIONS, LIVING IN THE PAST

DRUGS, SEX, AND ROCK AND ROLL!

THE MILITIA ON CALL

CHANGING ROLES

GRADUATING FROM THE FOREST SERVICE

Will my memoir be published? There isn’t much of a market for books about government employees.
So, I doubt it.
But, that’s the beauty of blogging. I can write it, and you can read it – it’s on the web!
Living virtual is beautiful.

June 26, 2008

D.I.V.O.R.C.E and Starting New

Filed under: General — Cynthia Ann Whelan @ 2:08 am

Tomorrow is my Going Away Party.
My party for leaving the Sierra National Forest.
And I am sad.

I keep thinking about divorce. I am very fortunate to not know first hand about divorce, and I hope that this is a close as I will ever get.
It is a friendly divorce, but papers are now final.

I also keep thinking about a bad joke. You know it, it goes like this:
A man goes to his doctor “Doctor, Doctor, it hurts when I hit my head against the wall!”
The Doctor tells the man, “then stop it…”
There comes a time to listen to one’s doctor.

And

“GOD, grant me the Serenity to accept the things I cannot change,
Courage to change the things I can,
and the Wisdom to know the difference.”

Several of my friends should be very sick of hearing me say “I need to move on.”
I do, and I am.

“Is this what you want?” I was asked.
DAMN Right it is!

I ready to get back to managing the National Forests of this country.
I want to start a project and finish a project, and really know it starts and when it is done.
I want to make agreements, keep agreements and be held accountable for my agreements.
I will know what I am going to work on for that day, week, and month.
I am going to be on time and prepared.
I will be technically challenged to apply what I know and learn what I don’t know.
And if someone else doesn’t want to keep up their part of the agreement, I know my choices.
Stop, or move on. That is all there is.

My first week is developing contracts and arranging work as a Natural Resource Planner. I have a large, forest-wide plantation thinning/fuels reduction project on the Shasta-Trinity Forest. I will be working on a gas pipeline that goes across three National Forests in Southern Oregon, and I will be picking up a City of Los Angeles transmission line project across the Angeles National Forest. It feels great to do what I was trained in doing – planning large-scale, multi-forest, multi-agency, resource management projects! Caring for the Land and Serving People, that’s what I’m talking about.

What will become of “Cindy Blogs the Sierra?”
I have a plan.
After all, “I blog for good, not evil!”
There will be more to come.

June 23, 2008

Cindy Blogs the Sierra January 2005 to June 2008

Filed under: General — Cynthia Ann Whelan @ 1:22 am

I am writing this on my last Cindy Blogs the Sierra day. My last day as an employee of the Sierra National Forest.
Starting on Monday, June 23, 2008, I will be a Forest Service employee working virtually for an Enterprise Team. I am going to be a “Forestry Ranger” without a Forest. I will be part of AMSET; Adaptive Management Services Enterprise Team.

I now work for a new Forest Service, a Forest Service without trees.
I can’t just jump into a green rig and drive out to the field to “check-it-out.”
I won’t see my supervisor on my first day of work.

I won’t be ushered around to see the location of the mailroom, the restroom, the snack area or the back door.
I will be entirely responsible my own work space and find my own supplies and materials, my own files and my own time schedule.
I will not walk around the office and meet my fellow team members, because they don’t work here.
I am unfunded.
I do not supervise anyone, and
I start off with no projects, no management areas, no administrative responsibilities, no program oversight, no Program Work Plans and no targets.
I have no authority.

Here I am signing my last Cost Recovery Agreement as a Cost Reviewer for the Sierra National Forest.
And all those Special Use Permits… they will be dumped on some other GS-9.

Who would have imagined a Journey Level GS-12 460 Forester with the US Forest Service without a District, without a Forest or a Region?

But… this is a very, very good thing for me to do.

to be continued…. because now I need to get to work… Resource Management Work…

April 21, 2008

Check Out My Blurb Book

Filed under: General — Cynthia Ann Whelan @ 11:22 pm

New, my book of photos for my upcoming photography exhibit

Water – Power – Folly

June 2 – 27, 2008 at Fresno City Hall.
It is self published with Blurb.

From Wikipedia, Self Publishing:

Self-publishing is the publishing of books and other media by the authors of those works, rather than by established, third-party publishers. Although it represents a small percentage of the publishing industry in terms of sales, it has been present in one form or another since the beginning of publishing and has seen an increase in activity with the advancement of publishing technology, including xerography, desktop publishing systems, print on demand, and the World Wide Web. Cultural phenomena such as the punk/DIY movement, the proliferation of media channels, and blogging have contributed to the advancement of self-publishing.

The key distinguishing characteristic of self-publishing is the absence of a traditional publisher. Instead the creator or creators fulfill this role, taking editorial control of the content, arranging for printing, marketing the material, and often distributing it, either directly to consumers or to retailers. Less often, the author prints the material, usually using a xerographic process or a computer printer. In some cases, books are printed on demand with no inventory kept. This places the bulk of the financial risk for the venture on the creators, with many self-publishers ultimately subsidizing it rather than making money from it.

Southern California…
By Cynthia A. Whelan

My next self publish project will be “Cindy Blogs the Sierra” in print soon.

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